Despite
recent industrial development, Haryana is primarily an
agricultural state. About 70% of residents are engaged in
agriculture Wheat and rice are the major crops. Haryana is
self-sufficient in food production and the second largest
contributor to India's central pool of food grains. The main
crops of Haryana are wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton,
oilseeds, gram, barley, corn, millet etc. There are two main
types of crops in Haryana: Rabi and Kharif. The major Kharif
crops of Haryana are rice, jowar, bajra, maize, cotton,
jute, sugarcane, sesame and groundnut. For these crops the
ground is prepared in April and May and the seeds are sown
at the commencement of rains in June. The crops are ready
for harvesting by the beginning of November. The major Rabi
crops are wheat, tobacco, gram, linseed, rapeseed and
mustard. The ground is prepared by the end of October or the
beginning of November and the crops are harvested by March.
About 86%
of the area is arable, and of that 96% is cultivated. About
75% of the area is irrigated, through tubewells and an
extensive system of canals. Haryana contributed
significantly to the Green Revolution in India in the 1970s
that made the country self-sufficient in food production.
The state has also significantly contributed to the field of
agricultural education in the country. Asia's biggest
agricultural University - Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana
Agricultural University is located at Hisar and it has made
a significant contribution in ushering in the 'Green
Revolution' in the state. Dairy
farming is also an essential part of the rural economy.
Haryana has a livestock population of 98.97 lakh. Milk and
milk products form an essential part of the local diet.
There is the saying Desaan main des Haryana, jit doodh dahi
ka khaana, which means "Best among all the countries in the
world is Haryana, where the staple food is milk and
yoghurt". Haryana, with 660 grams of availability of milk
per capita per day, ranks at number two in the country as
against the national average of 232 grams. There is a vast
network of milk societies that support the dairy industry.
The National Dairy Research Institute at Karnal, and the
Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes at Hisar are
instrumental in development of new breeds of cattle and
propagation of these breeds through embryo transfer
technology. The Murrah breed of water buffalo from Haryana
is world-famous for its milk production.